A resolution is a formal text adopted by a UN body, including the Security Council and other main organs. A resolution can call for a variety of things, from sanctions to peacekeeping operations. It can also address human rights violations, terrorism, the environment, and more. Resolutions are generally passed by a majority vote, but a single member state can block them with the use of the veto, which is one of the most powerful tools of the United Nations.
The Security Council is the principal organ charged with maintaining international peace and security. Its most prominent – and controversial – tool is the veto, which allows its five permanent members (the P5) to unilaterally block the adoption of a resolution, regardless of the level of support from other countries. Critics of the veto have argued that it fuels deadlock and protects geopolitical interests at the expense of world peace.
UN Security Council resolutions often address political crises that threaten the global community. They have the power to recommend military intervention in situations of genocide, war crimes and other atrocities. In addition to resolutions, the Security Council adopts presidential statements by consensus. Presidential statements are non-binding and serve as a form of political pressure, a signal to other members that the Council is concerned about a specific issue. They may accompany resolutions or be released independently.